Where I live (as noted in another thread, in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey) the county has a recycling center which accepts electronics. And the county library has an (I think) annual event to drop off computer equipment that a local non-profit refurbishes and makes available to those in need. (Not sure it is annual; I have dropped off old Macs several times.)
And I use an old iPad, an original Air, as a “bunch of buttons” device which the app Touch Portal.
If they’re too old to be useful, or broken, I just drop them off at electronics recycling. Best Buy is the easiest drop off in many cities in the US. There should also be something in coordination with the city or county. I’ll destroy storage if needed but it’s rare anymore that anything important was destroyed on an unencrypted drive.
…in SOME countries. OP did not mention a country (which, honestly, almost certainly means it’s the US), so please do not assume.
Living in a country with no Apple Stores, no News+, no iTunes TV programs (ever), no AppleCare One, etc… it gets rather tiring deciphering headlines, stories, info, etc to figure out if any of it is applicable to me. New Zealand is by far not the worst country for this issue, either.
Think of this rant as one of diversity and inclusion. Because it is.