If your work Id (assuming you have one) is a card or fob that unlocks doors it may well be NFC. Using it with Shortcuts doesn’t require writing to it (it just reads the id of the tag) so you could use that.
This is a frustrating limitation of Shortcuts so far. Apple is being overly protective, IMO, but until they change their mind, all we can do is look for alternatives.
What is even more frustrating is that some Shortcuts have the option to run without confirmation, but not many. I don’t understand why Apple doesn’t just give us the option to run them all without confirmation, but set the default to require confirmation, and prompt the user if they disable confirmation to make sure they understand what they are doing. (Ideally that confirmation wouldn’t be for every single shortcut but even if it was, it would only be once per shortcut.)
Which reminds me: I have spare Launch Center Pro NFC tags. Perhaps heresy but before I buy some other ones I could use these. (Actually I might double-duty an active LCP one and see how badly that goes down.)
iPhone X is able to do NFC, just not in the background. You can download an NFC reader app from the store (I use Launch Centre Pro but there are free options as well). If you get blank tags you can write to them using Smart NFC. It does mean an extra step, running the reader and then tapping the tag, but works great. It doesn’t automate the arrival at work though, no more automatic than getting there arrived at location notification and having to tap the notification to execute it.