What do these Apple part- or model numbers mean? (Mac mini)

Hardware
1

I’m curious what numbers in brackets below mean. All of these are listed as separate articles in the same online shop but from what I can tell, the product is identical:

Apple MAC MINI M1 CHIP 8C 16GB 512GB SSD 8C GPU SILVER GR (Z12PMGNT3GR04)

Apple CTO/Mac mini M1/M1-8C-CPU, 8C-GPU/16GB Ram/512GB SSD (Z12N_5007_DE_CTO)

Apple Mac mini - M1 - 16 GB - SSD 512 GB (Z12N-0110)

All I know is that CTO stands for “Confiugure to order” but that doesn’t make sense here either, since the model is already configured as indicated.

2

According to this website that is a SKU. Probably vendor-specific.

3

And SKU stands for stock-keeping unit, right? SKUs are vendor specific, yes, but since these number appear on different websites (i.e. different vendors) I would assume that those vendors happen to use some Apple model number (or whatever it is) as their SKU.